Southeast Asian Martial Arts – Pencak Silat
Pencak silat refers to more than 800 individual schools of martial arts across the 13,000 islands of Indonesia. According to legend, they were used to fight against Dutch invaders. Later outlawed by the Dutch, this hybrid system is known as pencak in Java and Bali, and silat in Sumatra. The single term pencak silat was coined after Indonesia was unified, and then accepted in 1973. Some recent silat systems have adopted the Japanese martial art tradition of denoting rank with different-colored belts. The art has become popular around the world and has also developed a sporting tradition with its own world championships.
Pencak lineage
Knowledge of the art has been passed orally from teacher to student, so written records are few. Soldiers and warriors are known to have trained in silat forms in the Srivijaya kingdom in Sumatra between the 7th and 14th centuries and in the Majapahit kingdom on Java between the 13th and 16th centuries. Yet archeological evidence suggests silat may have been used as early as the 6th century. Many silat schools trace their lineage to the Buginese warriors, a band of tough mercenaries renowned for their combat skills. When the Dutch occupied the islands between the 17th and 20th centuries, the practice went underground and reemerged only after independence in 1949. Traditional Indonesian dances and rituals are thought to contain aspects of the ancient art.
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Lathi
Lathi is a martial art and is also the name given to a bamboo pole, 6-8 ft (1.8-2.8 m) long, with a metal tip at the end, which is wielded like a sword. Lathi is thought to have originated from an ancient and peaceful yogic practice in which practitioners try to release "kundalini" (coiled-up energy) through the body via circular and figure-eight movements. It later became a martial art and was initially popular in eastern and southern India.
The stick was originally used to help keep buffalo in order-in fact, a common Hindi saying goes "jiski lathi, uski bhains," meaning, "he who wields the lathi gets to keep the buffalo." Farmers skilled with the stick were often called to become militia and settle disputes on behalf of regional warlords and landowners. The art later evolved into a sport and duels, in which practitioners could show their prowess and possibly gain employment or enhanced status among the men of their village, were common.
Today, the term "lathials," derived from the art form, is commonly used as a word to describe men for hire who will fight, settle scores, and restore honor among farmers who feel slighted.
It was the British, during the colonial rule of India, who introduced the lathi as a weapon to be used in crowd control and during riots. In present day India, the lathi is us as a weapon by the national police for similar purposes.
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